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1 de sept. de 2014 · Boundary-layer convection is driven by the heating of air as it comes in contact with the warm ground. The right conditions can trigger so-called deep moist convection, with large vertical displacements and accelerations of air; in extreme cases the displacement approaches 20 km and the acceleration 0.1 g, where g is the gravitational ...
Condensation funnels are frequently found in tornadoes but may not be visible if the boundary layer, that part of the atmosphere that is affected by the Earth’s surface, is too dry and/or the pressure drop in them is not large enough. Or tornadoes may be hidden behind an opaque curtain of precipitation (Bluestein, 2013). Since flying debris ...
11 de jun. de 2021 · Globally, thunderstorms are responsible for a significant fraction of rainfall, and in the mid-latitudes often produce extreme weather, including large hail, tornadoes and damaging winds.
28 de jun. de 2024 · Tornado, a small-diameter column of violently rotating air developed within a convective cloud and in contact with the ground. Tornadoes occur most often in association with thunderstorms during the spring and summer in the mid-latitudes of both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres.
1 de jul. de 2009 · Although a significant fraction of tornadoes is associated with nonsupercellular convection (the exact percentage is unknown, but it is likely on the order of 20% per Trapp et al., 2005a), the vast majority of strong to violent (F2–F5) tornadoes are associated with supercell thunderstorms.
Significant damage can occur at the ground even when the condensation funnel does not reach the surface. A condensation funnel associated with a tornadic vortex that fails to contact the ground is called a funnel cloud. A waterspout is a tornado over a body of water. Download to read the full chapter text.
6 de nov. de 2020 · An organized convection is associated with occurrence of the regular spatial distribution of convective clouds evolution in a wider area. It usually occurs over surface boundary layer (1–2 km)-shallow convection, where Cu and Sc clouds are forming.
